---
title: When they arrived, Broad Breast gave to Mbulukazi a very nice new ho… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: When they arrived, Broad Breast gave to Mbulukazi a very nice new house to live in, but to Mahlunguluza was given an old one quite in ruins. Who acts: children, Broad. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 43

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When they arrived, Broad Breast gave to Mbulukazi a very nice new house to live in, but to Mahlunguluza was given an old one quite in ruins.

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**Who acts:** children, Broad · **What happens:** arrive, give, live in · **To what, where:** nice new house, Mbulukazi, old one, Mahlunguluza, ruins

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, Broad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:17:43
# text = When they arrived, Broad Breast gave to Mbulukazi a very nice new house to live in, but to Mahlunguluza was given an old one quite in ruins.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Broad	Broad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	Breast	Breast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Mbulukazi	Mbulukazi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	in	in	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Mahlunguluza	Mahlunguluza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | past | Broad | a nice new house | Mbulukazi |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent house=Theme to mbulukazi=Recipient |
| 3 | **live in** | to-infinitive | Broad *not said here* | a nice new house *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **give** | past · passive | Broad *not said here* | a old one | Mahlunguluza | ruins |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: one=Theme to mahlunguluza=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [The Story of Mbulukazi.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/17/)