---
title: The next day the ox of the drowned one came running to the village a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day the ox of the drowned one came running to the village and walked about lowing for a while, after which it tore down the old ruined house of Mahlunguluza with its horns. Who acts: ox. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi., with its dependency tr
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Mbulukazi., sentence 52

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The next day the ox of the drowned one came running to the village and walked about lowing for a while, after which it tore down the old ruined house of Mahlunguluza with its horns.

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**Who acts:** ox · **What happens:** drown, come, run, walk, low, tore down · **To what, where:** old ruined house

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Mbulukazi.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:17:52
# text = The next day the ox of the drowned one came running to the village and walked about lowing for a while, after which it tore down the old ruined house of Mahlunguluza with its horns.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	drowned	drown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	lowing	low	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	after	after	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	obl	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	tore	tore	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
27	down	down	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
29	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	ruined	ruin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	amod	_	_
31	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Mahlunguluza	Mahlunguluza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drown** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past | the ox of the drowned one |  |  |  | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **run** | gerund | the ox of the drowned one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the village *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to village=Result |
| 4 | **walk** | past | the ox of the drowned one *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **low** | gerund | the ox of the drowned one *not said here* |  |  |  | while |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **tore down** | past | ox | the old ruined house of Mahlunguluza |  |  |  | with ox's horns; which *obl* | tree rules |
| 7 | **ruin** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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