---
title: His father-in-law gave him seven bags (i.e. skins of animals dressed… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: His father-in-law gave him seven bags (i.e. skins of animals dressed entire) full of millet, and his wife’s sisters went with him to carry them. Who acts: father, sisters. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 13

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His father-in-law gave him seven bags (i.e. skins of animals dressed entire) full of millet, and his wife’s sisters went with him to carry them.

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**Who acts:** father, sisters · **What happens:** give, dress, go, carry · **To what, where:** seven bags, famine, animals, sisters

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, sisters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:19:13
# text = His father-in-law gave him seven bags (i.e. skins of animals dressed entire) full of millet, and his wife’s sisters went with him to carry them.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
19	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	millet	millet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	’s	's	PART	POS	_	25	case	_	_
27	sisters	sister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	advcl	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | famine's father in law | seven bags | famine |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient bag=Theme |
| 2 | **dress** | participle |  | animals *not said here* |  |  |  | entire *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **go** | past | famine's wife's sisters |  |  |  |  | with famine | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with he=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **carry** | to-infinitive | famine's wife's sisters *not said here* | sisters *= sister* |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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