---
title: When it was ground very fine he made it into cakes just like nongwes. — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: When it was ground very fine he made it into cakes just like nongwes. Who acts: ground, father. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 20

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When it was ground very fine he made it into cakes just like nongwes.

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**Who acts:** ground, father · **What happens:** be, make · **To what, where:** ground, cakes

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:19:20
# text = When it was ground very fine he made it into cakes just like nongwes.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	nongwes	nongwe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | ground | ground |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | father | ground |  | cakes like nongwes |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent it=Material into cake=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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