---
title: They saw him go to the cave where he took some corn out of one of th… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: They saw him go to the cave where he took some corn out of one of the bags and began to grind it. Who acts: ’s, Kenkebe. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 44

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They saw him go to the cave where he took some corn out of one of the bags and began to grind it.

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**Who acts:** ’s, Kenkebe · **What happens:** see, go, take, begin, grind · **To what, where:** Kenkebe, cave, corn

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (’s, Kenkebe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:19:44
# text = They saw him go to the cave where he took some corn out of one of the bags and began to grind it.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	grind	grind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | ’s *= '* | Kenkebe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive | Kenkebe *not said here* |  |  | the cave |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to cave=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **take** | past | Kenkebe | some corn |  |  |  | out one of the bags | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent corn=Theme out one=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **begin** | past | ’s *= '* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **grind** | to-infinitive | ’s *= '* *not said here* | corn |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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