---
title: Kenkebe said to his son: “Go to the village of the cannibals that is… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Kenkebe said to his son: “Go to the village of the cannibals that is on that hill over the valley, and ask for some fire; but do not take any meat with you, lest they should smell it.” Who acts: Kenkebe, cannibals, heads. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Kenkebe., sentence 84

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Kenkebe said to his son: “Go to the village of the cannibals that is on that hill over the valley, and ask for some fire; but do not take any meat with you, lest they should smell it.”

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**Who acts:** Kenkebe, cannibals, heads · **What happens:** say, go, be, ask, not take, smell · **To what, where:** son, village, hill, meat, fire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Kenkebe.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kenkebe, cannibals, heads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:19:84
# text = Kenkebe said to his son: “Go to the village of the cannibals that is on that hill over the valley, and ask for some fire; but do not take any meat with you, lest they should smell it.”
1	Kenkebe	Kenkebe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cannibals	cannibal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	det	_	_
19	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	over	over	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	28	det	_	_
28	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
33	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
34	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	35	det	_	_
35	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
39	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
41	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	smell	smell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	_
43	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Kenkebe |  | Kenkebe's son |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to son=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | the village of the cannibals |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to village=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the cannibals |  |  | that hill |  | over the valley | tree rules |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for some fire | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **take** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  | any meat |  |  |  | with Kenkebe's son *= son* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Theme |
| 6 | **smell** *in a quote* | should | heads *= head* | fire |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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