---
title: It was made of ox-hide stretched over a wooden frame, and varied in… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It was made of ox-hide stretched over a wooden frame, and varied in size and pattern among the clans. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 102

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It was made of ox-hide stretched over a wooden frame, and varied in size and pattern among the clans.

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**What happens:** make, stretch · **To what, where:** shield, ox hide, wooden frame

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:102
# text = It was made of ox-hide stretched over a wooden frame, and varied in size and pattern among the clans.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	ox	ox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	hide	hide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	varied	varied	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	among	among	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	clans	clan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | shield |  |  |  | of ox hide | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **stretch** | participle |  | ox hide *not said here* |  | a wooden frame |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over frame=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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