--- title: The brave wear on their heads the feathers of the blue crane, which… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: The brave wear on their heads the feathers of the blue crane, which are given to them by the chief as tokens of distinction, and which no one else is permitted to wear (except a single individual at a peculiar ceremony which will be referred to in a note upon the custom of ntonjane). Who acts: chief --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/106/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaf…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/) / 106 # Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 106 The brave wear on their heads the feathers of the blue crane, which are given to them by the chief as tokens of distinction, and which no one else is permitted to wear (except a single individual at a peculiar ceremony which will be referred to in a note upon the custom of ntonjane). **Who acts:** chief · **What happens:** give, permit, wear, refer · **To what, where:** feathers, occasions, one, single individual, peculiar ceremony, note This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:2:106 # text = The brave wear on their heads the feathers of the blue crane, which are given to them by the chief as tokens of distinction, and which no one else is permitted to wear (except a single individual at a peculiar ceremony which will be referred to in a note upon the custom of ntonjane). 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 brave brave ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 wear wear NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 heads head NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 crane crane NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ _ 19 by by ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 22 as as ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 tokens token NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 distinction distinction NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 28 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 30 det _ _ 29 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 30 det _ _ 30 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 31 else else ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 permitted permit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ _ 34 to to PART TO _ 35 mark _ _ 35 wear wear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 xcomp _ _ 36 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 except except ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 individual individual NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 41 at at ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 43 peculiar peculiar NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 compound _ _ 44 ceremony ceremony NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ _ 45 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 48 nsubj:pass _ _ 46 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 47 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 48 aux:pass _ _ 48 referred refer VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 40 parataxis _ _ 49 to to ADP IN _ 48 obl _ _ 50 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 note note NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 53 upon upon ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 custom custom NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 56 of of ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 ntonjane ntonjane NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 58 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 40 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 59 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | the chief as tokens of distinction | the feathers the brave wear on occasions's heads of the blue crane | occasions *= occasion* | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to they=Recipient | | 2 | **permit** | present · passive | | which one | | | | | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | | 3 | **wear** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | a single individual | | a peculiar ceremony | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent individual=Source | | 4 | **refer** | future · passive | | a single individual | | a note | | upon the custom of ntonjane | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 105](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/105/) - next →: [sentence 107](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/107/) - ↑ back to [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/)