---
title: In former days every man of note had his racing oxen, and prided him… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: In former days every man of note had his racing oxen, and prided himself upon their good qualities as much as an English squire does upon his blood horses. Who acts: man, English squire. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its de
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 110

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In former days every man of note had his racing oxen, and prided himself upon their good qualities as much as an English squire does upon his blood horses.

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**Who acts:** man, English squire · **What happens:** have, pride, do · **To what, where:** racing oxen, man

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, English squire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:110
# text = In former days every man of note had his racing oxen, and prided himself upon their good qualities as much as an English squire does upon his blood horses.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	racing	racing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	prided	pride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
15	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	qualities	quality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	as	as	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	squire	squire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
27	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | every man of note | man's racing oxen |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Patient |
| 2 | **pride** | past | every man of note *not said here* | man |  |  |  | upon cattle's good qualities | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | present | a English squire |  |  |  |  | upon squire's blood horses | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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