---
title: Barnyard fowls were also found in their possession, but adults made… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Barnyard fowls were also found in their possession, but adults made no use of either their flesh or their eggs. Who acts: Barnyard, adults, cattle. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 115

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Barnyard fowls were also found in their possession, but adults made no use of either their flesh or their eggs.

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**Who acts:** Barnyard, adults, cattle · **What happens:** fowl, find, make, possess, use · **To what, where:** possession, use, flesh

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Barnyard, adults, cattle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:115
# text = Barnyard fowls were also found in their possession, but adults made no use of either their flesh or their eggs.
1	Barnyard	barnyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fowls	fowl	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	possession	possession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc:preconj	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fowl** | present | Barnyard |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past · passive | Barnyard *not said here* |  |  | cattle's possession |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF» |
| 3 | **make** | past | adults | no use of cattle's flesh or cattle's eggs |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent use=Product |
| 4 | **possess** |  | cattle |  |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **use** |  |  | cattle's flesh or cattle's eggs |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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