---
title: The Kaffirs are an agricultural as well as a pastoral people. — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The Kaffirs are an agricultural as well as a pastoral people. Who acts: Kaffirs. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 116

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The Kaffirs are an agricultural as well as a pastoral people.

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**Who acts:** Kaffirs · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffirs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:116
# text = The Kaffirs are an agricultural as well as a pastoral people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	11	cc	_	_
7	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	pastoral	pastoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Kaffirs |  |  |  |  | a pastoral people *conj*; agricultural *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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