---
title: Of this they raise large quantities, which they use either boiled, o… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Of this they raise large quantities, which they use either boiled, or bruised into a paste from which bread is made. Who acts: species. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 119

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Of this they raise large quantities, which they use either boiled, or bruised into a paste from which bread is made.

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**Who acts:** species · **What happens:** raise, use, boil, bruise, make · **To what, where:** large quantities, paste, bread

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (species), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:119
# text = Of this they raise large quantities, which they use either boiled, or bruised into a paste from which bread is made.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	raise	raise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	either	either	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	12	advmod	_	_
12	boiled	boil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	bruised	bruise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	paste	paste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obl	_	_
21	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | present | species | large quantities |  |  |  | of this | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent quantity=Theme of this=Destination |
| 2 | **use** | present | species | large quantities |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |
| 3 | **boil** | participle | species *not said here* |  |  |  |  | either *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **bruise** | participle | species *not said here* |  |  | a paste |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | present · passive |  | bread |  | a paste |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from which=Material |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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