---
title: They had also pumpkins, a species of gourd, a cane containing saccha… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: They had also pumpkins, a species of gourd, a cane containing saccharine matter in large quantities, and a sort of ground nut. Who acts: species, cane, pumpkins. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 123

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They had also pumpkins, a species of gourd, a cane containing saccharine matter in large quantities, and a sort of ground nut.

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**Who acts:** species, cane, pumpkins · **What happens:** have, contain, matter, sort · **To what, where:** saccharine, large quantities, ground

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (species, cane, pumpkins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:123
# text = They had also pumpkins, a species of gourd, a cane containing saccharine matter in large quantities, and a sort of ground nut.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	saccharine	saccharine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	matter	matter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	nut	nut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | species |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **contain** | gerund | a cane *not said here* | saccharine |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot saccharine=Theme |
| 3 | **matter** | present | pumpkins and a species of gourd and a cane |  |  | large quantities |  | a sort of ground's nut *parataxis* | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **sort** |  |  | ground |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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