---
title: A grave was dug, in which the body was placed in a sitting posture,… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: A grave was dug, in which the body was placed in a sitting posture, and by it were deposited his weapons of war and ornaments. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 136

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A grave was dug, in which the body was placed in a sitting posture, and by it were deposited his weapons of war and ornaments.

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**What happens:** dig, place, sit, deposit · **To what, where:** grave, body, sitting posture

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:136
# text = A grave was dug, in which the body was placed in a sitting posture, and by it were deposited his weapons of war and ornaments.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	posture	posture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	deposited	deposit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	ornaments	ornament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | past · passive |  | a grave |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **place** | past · passive |  | the body |  | a sitting posture |  | which *obl* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in which=Destination |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **deposit** | past · passive |  | body |  |  |  | man's weapons of war and ornaments *obj* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme weapon=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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