---
title: It is certain that during the latter half of the last century a grea… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: It is certain that during the latter half of the last century a great many Hottentots were incorporated with the Amaxosa. Who acts: amalgamation. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 15

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It is certain that during the latter half of the last century a great many Hottentots were incorporated with the Amaxosa.

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**Who acts:** amalgamation · **What happens:** be, incorporate · **To what, where:** great many Hottentots

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (amalgamation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:15
# text = It is certain that during the latter half of the last century a great many Hottentots were incorporated with the Amaxosa.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	18	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Hottentots	hottentot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	incorporated	incorporate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Amaxosa	Amaxosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | amalgamation |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **incorporate** | past · passive |  | a great many Hottentots |  |  | during the latter half of the last century | with the Amaxosa | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with amaxosa=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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