---
title: The mode of incorporation was in most instances a selection of Hotte… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The mode of incorporation was in most instances a selection of Hottentot females after the destruction of their clan in war; but in at least one case a Hottentot tribe became gradually a Kaffir clan by mixture of blood through adoption of Kaffir refugees. Who acts: mode, Hottentot tribe. A sentence 
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 16

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The mode of incorporation was in most instances a selection of Hottentot females after the destruction of their clan in war; but in at least one case a Hottentot tribe became gradually a Kaffir clan by mixture of blood through adoption of Kaffir refugees.

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**Who acts:** mode, Hottentot tribe · **What happens:** be, become, select, destroy, adopt · **To what, where:** most instances, Kaffir clan, one case, Hottentot females, clan, Kaffir refugees

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mode, Hottentot tribe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:16
# text = The mode of incorporation was in most instances a selection of Hottentot females after the destruction of their clan in war; but in at least one case a Hottentot tribe became gradually a Kaffir clan by mixture of blood through adoption of Kaffir refugees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mode	mode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	incorporation	incorporation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	instances	instance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	selection	selection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Hottentot	hottentot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	after	after	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	27	nmod	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Hottentot	Hottentot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
33	gradually	gradually	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	xcomp	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	through	through	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	compound	_	_
45	refugees	refugee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mode of incorporation |  |  | most instances |  | a selection of Hottentot females after the destruction of females's clan in war *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | a Hottentot tribe | a Kaffir clan by mixture of blood |  |  |  | in one case *result*; through adoption of Kaffir refugees | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in case=Result |
| 3 | **select** |  |  | Hottentot females after the destruction of females's clan in war |  |  |  |  | nom selection «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **destroy** |  |  | females's clan in war |  |  |  |  | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **adopt** |  |  | Kaffir refugees |  |  |  |  | nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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