---
title: “In the olden times that was the only name, but now he is called by… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: “In the olden times that was the only name, but now he is called by some u-Tixo,” (a name for God, introduced by missionaries). Who acts: that, u Tixo. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 162

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“In the olden times that was the only name, but now he is called by some u-Tixo,” (a name for God, introduced by missionaries).

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**Who acts:** that, u Tixo · **What happens:** be, call, introduce · **To what, where:** only name, name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, u Tixo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:162
# text = “In the olden times that was the only name, but now he is called by some u-Tixo,” (a name for God, introduced by missionaries).
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	olden	olden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
19	u	u	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Tixo	Tixo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
24	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl	_	_
31	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | that | the only name |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** *in a quote* | present · passive | some u Tixo | name |  |  | now |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **introduce** | participle |  | a name for God *not said here* |  |  |  | by missionaries | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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