---
title: The people of this tribe, a pure Hottentot one in 1689 and then call… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The people of this tribe, a pure Hottentot one in 1689 and then called the Gqunaqua, were found by a traveller a century later to resemble Kaffirs more than Hottentots in appearance, and, except a few families, they are now undistinguishable from other members of the Amaxosa. Who acts: traveller, pe
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 17

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The people of this tribe, a pure Hottentot one in 1689 and then called the Gqunaqua, were found by a traveller a century later to resemble Kaffirs more than Hottentots in appearance, and, except a few families, they are now undistinguishable from other members of the Amaxosa.

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**Who acts:** traveller, people · **What happens:** call, find, resemble, be · **To what, where:** Gqunaqua, people, Kaffirs, other members · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traveller, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:17
# text = The people of this tribe, a pure Hottentot one in 1689 and then called the Gqunaqua, were found by a traveller a century later to resemble Kaffirs more than Hottentots in appearance, and, except a few families, they are now undistinguishable from other members of the Amaxosa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Hottentot	hottentot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	flat	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1689	1689	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Gqunaqua	Gqunaqua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	traveller	traveller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl:unmarked	_	_
26	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	20	advmod	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	resemble	resemble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
29	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
30	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	29	conj	_	_
31	than	than	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Hottentots	hottentot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
38	except	except	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
43	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
44	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
45	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	46	advmod	_	_
46	undistinguishable	undistinguishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
47	from	from	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	Amaxosa	Amaxosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | a traveller *not said here* |  | the Gqunaqua |  | then |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent gqunaqua=Recipient |
| 2 | **find** | past · passive | a traveller | the people of this tribe and a pure Hottentot |  |  |  | late *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 3 | **resemble** | to-infinitive |  | Kaffirs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | people |  |  | other members of the Amaxosa | now | except a few families; undistinguishable *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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