---
title: Their original language has been lost, but their old tribal title is… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Their original language has been lost, but their old tribal title is yet retained in the Kaffir form Amagqunukwebe. Who acts: people. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 18

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Their original language has been lost, but their old tribal title is yet retained in the Kaffir form Amagqunukwebe.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** lose, retain, title · **To what, where:** original language, old tribal title, Kaffir form

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:18
# text = Their original language has been lost, but their old tribal title is yet retained in the Kaffir form Amagqunukwebe.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	tribal	tribal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
14	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	Amagqunukwebe	Amagqunukwebe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive |  | people's original language |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **retain** | present · passive |  | people's old tribal title |  | the Kaffir form | yet |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **title** |  | people |  |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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