---
title: A corollary to the belief in malevolent spirits is the belief in wit… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: A corollary to the belief in malevolent spirits is the belief in witchcraft. Who acts: corollary. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 182

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A corollary to the belief in malevolent spirits is the belief in witchcraft.

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**Who acts:** corollary · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** belief, witchcraft

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (corollary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:182
# text = A corollary to the belief in malevolent spirits is the belief in witchcraft.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	corollary	corollary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	malevolent	malevolent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	belief	belief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	witchcraft	witchcraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a corollary to the belief in malevolent spirits | the belief |  | witchcraft |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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