---
title: He was then generally tied hand and foot and cast into the first str… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: He was then generally tied hand and foot and cast into the first stream at hand. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 190

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He was then generally tied hand and foot and cast into the first stream at hand.

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**What happens:** tie, cast · **To what, where:** finder, first stream

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:190
# text = He was then generally tied hand and foot and cast into the first stream at hand.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
4	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	amod	_	_
14	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | past · passive |  | finder |  |  | then | hand and foot *obj*; generally *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient hand=Result |
| 2 | **cast** | participle |  |  |  | the first stream at hand |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into stream=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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