---
title: This is the case with every kind of manufacture, and no one pretends… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: This is the case with every kind of manufacture, and no one pretends to know anything about a trade which does not belong to his own family. Who acts: This, one. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 206

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This is the case with every kind of manufacture, and no one pretends to know anything about a trade which does not belong to his own family.

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**Who acts:** This, one · **What happens:** be, pretend, know, not belong · **To what, where:** case, anything

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:206
# text = This is the case with every kind of manufacture, and no one pretends to know anything about a trade which does not belong to his own family.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	manufacture	manufacture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pretends	pretend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	obj	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
22	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	belong	belong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl:relcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
27	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | the case |  |  |  | with every kind of manufacture | tree rules |
| 2 | **pretend** | present | no one |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | to-infinitive | no one *not said here* | anything |  |  |  | about a trade | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus |
| 4 | **not** **belong** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  | to Kaffir's own family; which *nsubj* | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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