--- title: Forming a furnace of a boulder with a hollow surface, out of which a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: Forming a furnace of a boulder with a hollow surface, out of which a groove was made to allow the liquid metal to escape, and into which a hole was pierced for the purpose of introducing a current of air, they piled up a heap of charcoal and virgin ore, which they afterwards covered in such a way as --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/208/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaf…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/) / 208 # Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 208 Forming a furnace of a boulder with a hollow surface, out of which a groove was made to allow the liquid metal to escape, and into which a hole was pierced for the purpose of introducing a current of air, they piled up a heap of charcoal and virgin ore, which they afterwards covered in such a way as to prevent the escape of heat. **Who acts:** groove, purpose, holes, heat · **What happens:** form, make, allow, escape, pierce, introduce · **To what, where:** furnace, groove, hollow surface, liquid metal, hole, current This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (groove, purpose, holes, heat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:2:208 # text = Forming a furnace of a boulder with a hollow surface, out of which a groove was made to allow the liquid metal to escape, and into which a hole was pierced for the purpose of introducing a current of air, they piled up a heap of charcoal and virgin ore, which they afterwards covered in such a way as to prevent the escape of heat. 1 Forming form VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 furnace furnace NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 boulder boulder NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 12 out out ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 obl _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 groove groove NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj:pass _ _ 17 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux:pass _ _ 18 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl:relcl _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 allow allow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 liquid liquid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 escape escape VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 28 into into ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 obl _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 pierced pierce VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 advcl _ _ 34 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 purpose purpose NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 37 of of SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 38 introducing introduce VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 36 acl _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 current current NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 piled pile VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 33 parataxis _ _ 46 up up ADP RP _ 45 compound:prt _ _ 47 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 heap heap NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 49 of of ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 charcoal charcoal NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 nmod _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 52 virgin virgin NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 compound _ _ 53 ore ore NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 54 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 55 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 58 nsubj:pass _ _ 56 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 nsubj:pass _ _ 57 afterwards afterwards ADV RB _ 58 advmod _ _ 58 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 53 acl:relcl _ _ 59 in in ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 60 such such DET PDT PronType=Ind 62 det:predet _ _ 61 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 62 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ _ 63 as as SCONJ IN _ 65 mark _ _ 64 to to PART TO _ 65 mark _ _ 65 prevent prevent VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 58 advcl _ _ 66 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 67 escape escape NOUN NN Number=Sing 65 obj _ _ 68 of of ADP IN _ 69 case _ _ 69 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 67 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 70 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **form** | gerund | | a furnace of a boulder | | | | with a hollow surface | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location furnace=Theme | | 2 | **make** | past · passive | | a groove | | a hollow surface | | | tree rules | | 3 | **allow** | to-infinitive | a groove *not said here* | the liquid metal | | | | | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent metal=Beneficiary | | 4 | **escape** | to-infinitive | a groove *not said here* | the liquid metal *not said here* | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **pierce** | past · passive | | a hole | | | | for the purpose; which *obl* | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: subject=Instrument into which=Patient | | 6 | **introduce** | gerund | the purpose *not said here* | a current of air | | | | | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent current=Patient | | 7 | **pile up** | past | holes *= hole* | a heap of charcoal and virgin ore | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme heap=Destination | | 8 | **cover** | participle · passive | | virgin ore | | | | in such way; holes *= hole* *nsubj:pass*; afterwards *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in way=Theme | | 9 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | | the escape of heat | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer escape=Theme | | 10 | **escape** | | heat | | | | | | nom escape «act intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 207](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/207/) - next →: [sentence 209](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/209/) - ↑ back to [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/)