---
title: The bellows by which air was introduced were made of skins, the mout… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The bellows by which air was introduced were made of skins, the mouthpiece being the horn of a large antelope. Who acts: mouthpiece. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/209/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaf…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/) / 209

# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 209

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bellows by which air was introduced were made of skins, the mouthpiece being the horn of a large antelope.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mouthpiece · **What happens:** introduce, make, be · **To what, where:** air, bellows, horn

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mouthpiece), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:209
# text = The bellows by which air was introduced were made of skins, the mouthpiece being the horn of a large antelope.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bellows	bellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	5	det	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	mouthpiece	mouthpiece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	antelope	antelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past · passive |  | which air |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | the bellows |  |  |  | of skins | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **is a** | gerund | the mouthpiece | the horn |  |  |  | of a large antelope | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 208](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/208/)
- next →: [sentence 210](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/210/)
- ↑ back to [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/)