---
title: Each article is made of a single block of wood, requiring much time… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Each article is made of a single block of wood, requiring much time and patience to complete it, and upon it is frequently carved some neat but simple pattern. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 222

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Each article is made of a single block of wood, requiring much time and patience to complete it, and upon it is frequently carved some neat but simple pattern.

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**What happens:** make, require, complete, carve · **To what, where:** article

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:222
# text = Each article is made of a single block of wood, requiring much time and patience to complete it, and upon it is frequently carved some neat but simple pattern.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	block	block	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	requiring	require	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
13	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	patience	patience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	complete	complete	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
25	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
27	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	31	det	_	_
28	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
29	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	_
31	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | each article |  |  |  | of a single block of wood | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **require** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **complete** | to-infinitive |  | article |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 4 | **carve** | present · passive |  | article |  |  |  | some neat pattern *obj*; frequently *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary pattern=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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