---
title: Baskets for holding grain, rush mats, bags, and drinking vessels mad… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Baskets for holding grain, rush mats, bags, and drinking vessels made of grass are among the products of their labour. Who acts: Baskets, drinking vessels. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 223

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Baskets for holding grain, rush mats, bags, and drinking vessels made of grass are among the products of their labour.

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**Who acts:** Baskets, drinking vessels · **What happens:** hold, rush, drink, make, be · **To what, where:** grain, mats, drinking vessels

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Baskets, drinking vessels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:223
# text = Baskets for holding grain, rush mats, bags, and drinking vessels made of grass are among the products of their labour.
1	Baskets	basket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	rush	rush	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	mats	mat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
12	drinking	drink	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	among	among	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	products	product	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | gerund | Baskets *not said here* | grain |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Theme |
| 2 | **rush** | infinitive | Baskets | mats and bags |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location mat=Theme |
| 3 | **drink** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | participle |  | drinking vessels *not said here* |  |  |  | of grass | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 5 | **is** | present | drinking vessels |  |  |  |  | among the products; of Vessels's labour | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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