--- title: According to their ideas, stealing cattle is not a crime; it is a ci… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: According to their ideas, stealing cattle is not a crime; it is a civil offence, and a thief when detected is compelled to make ample restitution; but no disgrace attaches to it, and they have no religious scruples concerning it. Who acts: crime, disgrace, skins, religious scruples. A sentence of «K --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/230/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaf…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/) / 230 # Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 230 According to their ideas, stealing cattle is not a crime; it is a civil offence, and a thief when detected is compelled to make ample restitution; but no disgrace attaches to it, and they have no religious scruples concerning it. **Who acts:** crime, disgrace, skins, religious scruples · **What happens:** accord, steal, not be, be, detect, compel · **To what, where:** ideas, cattle, civil offence, ample restitution, crime, religious scruples This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crime, disgrace, skins, religious scruples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:2:230 # text = According to their ideas, stealing cattle is not a crime; it is a civil offence, and a thief when detected is compelled to make ample restitution; but no disgrace attaches to it, and they have no religious scruples concerning it. 1 According accord VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 case _ _ 2 to to ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 stealing steal VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 conj _ _ 7 cattle cattle NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 crime crime NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 civil civil ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 offence offence NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 thief thief NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 22 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 23 advmod _ _ 23 detected detect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 acl _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 compelled compel VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ _ 28 ample ample ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 restitution restitution NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 31 but but CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 33 det _ _ 33 disgrace disgrace NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 attaches attach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 35 to to ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 39 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 41 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 43 det _ _ 42 religious religious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 scruples scruple NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obj _ _ 44 concerning concern VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 43 acl _ _ 45 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 25 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | to skins's ideas *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to idea=Goal | | 2 | **steal** | gerund | | cattle | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cattle=Theme | | 3 | **not** **is** | present | | | | | | accord a crime | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** | present | crime | a civil offence and a thief | | | | a thief *conj* | tree rules | | 5 | **detect** | participle | | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **compel** | present · passive | | a civil offence and a thief | | | | | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **make** | to-infinitive | | ample restitution | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset restitution=Product | | 8 | **attach** | present | no disgrace | | crime | | | | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to it=Co-Patient | | 9 | **have** | present | skins *= skin* | no religious scruples | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scruple=Patient | | 10 | **concern** | gerund | no religious scruples *not said here* | crime | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 229](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/229/) - next →: [sentence 231](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/231/) - ↑ back to [Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/)