---
title: Such offshoots of the ruling house as are not of themselves chiefs a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Such offshoots of the ruling house as are not of themselves chiefs are of aristocratic rank, and are exempt from obedience to the laws which govern the commonalty. Who acts: Such offshoots, chiefs, laws. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaff
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 24

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Such offshoots of the ruling house as are not of themselves chiefs are of aristocratic rank, and are exempt from obedience to the laws which govern the commonalty.

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**Who acts:** Such offshoots, chiefs, laws · **What happens:** not be, be, govern · **To what, where:** obedience, commonalty

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Such offshoots, chiefs, laws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:24
# text = Such offshoots of the ruling house as are not of themselves chiefs are of aristocratic rank, and are exempt from obedience to the laws which govern the commonalty.
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	offshoots	offshoot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	ruling	ruling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	as	a	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obl	_	_
12	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	aristocratic	aristocratic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	exempt	exempt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	obedience	obedience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
26	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	govern	govern	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	commonalty	commonalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Such offshoots of the house as |  |  |  |  | of chiefs | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | chiefs |  |  |  |  | of aristocratic rank | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | chiefs *not said here* |  |  | obedience |  | to the laws; exempt *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **govern** | present | the laws | the commonalty |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent commonalty=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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