---
title: Europeans have designated these people Kaffirs ever since the discov… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Europeans have designated these people Kaffirs ever since the discovery of the country, though they themselves cannot even pronounce the word, as the English sound of the letter r is wanting in their language. Who acts: Europeans, English sound. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Thea
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 3

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Europeans have designated these people Kaffirs ever since the discovery of the country, though they themselves cannot even pronounce the word, as the English sound of the letter r is wanting in their language.

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**Who acts:** Europeans, English sound · **What happens:** designate, not pronounce, want, discover · **To what, where:** Europeans, word, language, country

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europeans, English sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:3
# text = Europeans have designated these people Kaffirs ever since the discovery of the country, though they themselves cannot even pronounce the word, as the English sound of the letter r is wanting in their language.
1	Europeans	european	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
8	since	since	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
17	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	16	nmod:unmarked	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	even	even	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	pronounce	pronounce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	r	r	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	wanting	want	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	ccomp	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **designate** | present · perfect · passive |  | Europeans |  |  | since the discovery of the country; ever | people Kaffirs *obj* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme kaffir=Attribute |
| 2 | **not** **pronounce** | can | Europeans *= european* | the word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **want** | present · progressive | the English sound of the letter r |  |  | Europeans's language |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **discover** |  |  | the country |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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