---
title: The chief in council makes the law and administers it, but from the… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The chief in council makes the law and administers it, but from the courts of the petty chiefs there is an appeal to the head of the tribe. Who acts: chief, appeal. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 30

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The chief in council makes the law and administers it, but from the courts of the petty chiefs there is an appeal to the head of the tribe.

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**Who acts:** chief, appeal · **What happens:** make, administer, be · **To what, where:** law, chief, courts

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, appeal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:30
# text = The chief in council makes the law and administers it, but from the courts of the petty chiefs there is an appeal to the head of the tribe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	administers	administer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	courts	court	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	petty	petty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	21	expl	_	_
21	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	appeal	appeal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the chief in council | the law |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset law=Product |
| 2 | **administer** | present | the chief in council *not said here* | chief |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **be** | present | a appeal to the head of the tribe |  |  | the courts of the petty chiefs; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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