---
title: R in Kaffir words, as now written, represents the same guttural soun… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: R in Kaffir words, as now written, represents the same guttural sound as g does in Dutch, or the Scotch sound of ch in loch; thus Rarabe is pronounced Khah-khah-bay. Who acts: R, g. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its depende
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 4

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R in Kaffir words, as now written, represents the same guttural sound as g does in Dutch, or the Scotch sound of ch in loch; thus Rarabe is pronounced Khah-khah-bay.

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**Who acts:** R, g · **What happens:** write, represent, do, pronounce · **To what, where:** R, same guttural sound, Scotch sound, Dutch, Rarabe

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (R, g), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:4
# text = R in Kaffir words, as now written, represents the same guttural sound as g does in Dutch, or the Scotch sound of ch in loch; thus Rarabe is pronounced Khah-khah-bay.
1	R	r	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
8	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	represents	represent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	guttural	guttural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	g	G	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Dutch	Dutch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Scotch	Scotch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	ch	ch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	loch	loch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	Rarabe	Rarabe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	pronounced	pronounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
34	Khah	Khah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	khah	khah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	bay	bay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | R in Kaffir words *not said here* |  |  | now |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **represent** | present | R in Kaffir words | the same guttural sound |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sound=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | present | g | the Scotch sound of ch in loch |  | Dutch |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **pronounce** | present · passive |  | Rarabe |  |  |  | Khah *obj*; khah bay *obj*; thus *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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