---
title: In structure it differs greatly from the languages of Europeans. — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: In structure it differs greatly from the languages of Europeans. Who acts: structure. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 57

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In structure it differs greatly from the languages of Europeans.

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**Who acts:** structure · **What happens:** differ · **To what, where:** structure

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (structure), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:57
# text = In structure it differs greatly from the languages of Europeans.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	structure	structure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	differs	differ	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **differ** | present | structure |  |  | structure |  | from the languages of Europeans; greatly *property* | vn differ-23.4 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme from language=Co-Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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