---
title: Thus the plural of indoda, a man, is amadoda, men; of umfazi, a woma… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus the plural of indoda, a man, is amadoda, men; of umfazi, a woman, is abafazi, women; of isikali, a weapon, is izikali, weapons. Who acts: amadoda. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 59

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Thus the plural of indoda, a man, is amadoda, men; of umfazi, a woman, is abafazi, women; of isikali, a weapon, is izikali, weapons.

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**Who acts:** amadoda · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** amadoda, weapons

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (amadoda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:59
# text = Thus the plural of indoda, a man, is amadoda, men; of umfazi, a woman, is abafazi, women; of isikali, a weapon, is izikali, weapons.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	advcl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	indoda	indoda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	amadoda	amadoda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	umfazi	umfazi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	abafazi	abafazi	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	isikali	isikali	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	weapon	weapon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
33	izikali	izikali	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	35	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	35	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | amadoda and men and umfazi and women and isikali |  |  |  | the plural of indoda and a man *advcl*; men *conj*; umfazi and women and isikali *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | abafazi *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | amadoda and men and umfazi and women and isikali | weapons |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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