---
title: Kaffir words are in most instances combined together to form sentenc… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Kaffir words are in most instances combined together to form sentences in such a way that they cannot be separated from each other as English words are. Who acts: Kaffir words. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency t
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 64

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Kaffir words are in most instances combined together to form sentences in such a way that they cannot be separated from each other as English words are.

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**Who acts:** Kaffir words · **What happens:** be, combine, form, not separate · **To what, where:** most instances, sentences, way

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kaffir words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:64
# text = Kaffir words are in most instances combined together to form sentences in such a way that they cannot be separated from each other as English words are.
1	Kaffir	kaffir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	instances	instance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	combined	combine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
11	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	15	det:predet	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	separated	separate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	21	obl	_	_
24	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	fixed	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Kaffir words |  |  | most instances |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **combine** | participle |  | most instances *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **form** | to-infinitive |  | sentences |  | such way |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sentence=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **separate** | can · passive |  | sentences *= sentence* |  |  |  | as English words; from each | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient from each=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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