---
title: Their history is thus traditional, and cannot be considered authenti… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Their history is thus traditional, and cannot be considered authentic beyond four or five generations back. Who acts: history. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 79

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Their history is thus traditional, and cannot be considered authentic beyond four or five generations back.

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**Who acts:** history · **What happens:** be, not consider

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (history), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:79
# text = Their history is thus traditional, and cannot be considered authentic beyond four or five generations back.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
12	authentic	authentic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	conj	_	_
17	generations	generation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
18	back	back	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | signs's history |  |  |  |  | thus, traditional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **consider** | can · passive | signs's history *not said here* |  |  |  | beyond four generations | authentic *property* | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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