---
title: On the other side of the mountains, the Bechuanas, their near kindre… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: On the other side of the mountains, the Bechuanas, their near kindred, are found stretching almost across to the Atlantic shore, from the heart of the continent southward to the Orange River. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., with i
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 8

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On the other side of the mountains, the Bechuanas, their near kindred, are found stretching almost across to the Atlantic shore, from the heart of the continent southward to the Orange River.

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**What happens:** find, stretch · **To what, where:** other side, heart

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:8
# text = On the other side of the mountains, the Bechuanas, their near kindred, are found stretching almost across to the Atlantic shore, from the heart of the continent southward to the Orange River.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Bechuanas	Bechuana	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	near	near	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	kindred	kindred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
18	stretching	stretch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	_
19	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	across	across	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	continent	continent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Orange	Orange	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	36	compound	_	_
36	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · passive |  |  |  | the other side of the mountains  the Bechuanas |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: clause=Theme |
| 2 | **stretch** | gerund |  |  |  | the heart of the continent |  | to the Atlantic shore; across *property* | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to shore=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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