---
title: Until European clothing was introduced, the dress of the Kaffirs was… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Until European clothing was introduced, the dress of the Kaffirs was composed of skins of animals formed into a square mantle the size of a large blanket, which they wrapped about their persons. Who acts: details. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regardin
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 84

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Until European clothing was introduced, the dress of the Kaffirs was composed of skins of animals formed into a square mantle the size of a large blanket, which they wrapped about their persons.

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**Who acts:** details · **What happens:** introduce, compose, form, wrap · **To what, where:** European clothing, dress, animals, square mantle, large blanket

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (details), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:84
# text = Until European clothing was introduced, the dress of the Kaffirs was composed of skins of animals formed into a square mantle the size of a large blanket, which they wrapped about their persons.
1	Until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Kaffirs	kaffir	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	skins	skin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	square	square	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	mantle	mantle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	obj	_	_
31	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
32	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
33	about	about	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past · passive |  | European clothing |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **compose** | past · passive |  | the dress of the Kaffirs |  |  |  | of skins of animals | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 3 | **form** | participle |  | animals *not said here* |  | a square mantle |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **wrap** | past | details *= detail* | a large blanket |  |  |  | about details's persons | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme about person=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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