---
title: They are entered by a low, narrow aperture, which is the only openin… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: They are entered by a low, narrow aperture, which is the only opening in the structure; their interior is smoky and dirty, and not seldom swarms with vermin. Who acts: low narrow aperture, interior. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.,
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 93

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They are entered by a low, narrow aperture, which is the only opening in the structure; their interior is smoky and dirty, and not seldom swarms with vermin.

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**Who acts:** low narrow aperture, interior · **What happens:** enter, be · **To what, where:** women, only opening, structure

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (low narrow aperture, interior), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:2:93
# text = They are entered by a low, narrow aperture, which is the only opening in the structure; their interior is smoky and dirty, and not seldom swarms with vermin.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	aperture	aperture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	structure	structure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	interior	interior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	smoky	smoky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
29	seldom	seldom	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	swarms	swarm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
31	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	vermin	vermin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | present · passive | a low narrow aperture | women *= woman* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a low narrow aperture | the only opening |  | the structure |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | women's interior |  |  |  |  | seldom swarms with vermin *conj*; smoky *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | women's interior *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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