---
title: The boy took his horns, and went on walking till he came to a villag… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The boy took his horns, and went on walking till he came to a village where he found the people cooking a weed (called tyutu), having no other food to eat. Who acts: boy, people, weed. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Wonderful Horns., with its dependency tree an
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Wonderful Horns., sentence 16

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The boy took his horns, and went on walking till he came to a village where he found the people cooking a weed (called tyutu), having no other food to eat.

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**Who acts:** boy, people, weed · **What happens:** take, go, come, find, cook, call · **To what, where:** horns, walking, village, people, weed, tyutu · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Wonderful Horns.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, people, weed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:21:16
# text = The boy took his horns, and went on walking till he came to a village where he found the people cooking a weed (called tyutu), having no other food to eat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	19	advmod	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
22	cooking	cook	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	weed	weed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
27	tyutu	tyutu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	conj	_	_
31	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	33	det	_	_
32	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the boy | boy's horns |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | the boy *not said here* |  |  | walking |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on walking=Location |
| 3 | **come** | past | boy |  |  | a village |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to village=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **find** | past | boy | the people |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Topic |
| 5 | **cook** | gerund | the people *not said here* | a weed |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent weed=Patient |
| 6 | **call** | participle | a weed *not said here* | tyutu |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **have** | gerund | the people *not said here* | no other food |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
| 8 | **eat** | to-infinitive | the people *not said here* | no other food *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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