---
title: She saw a glutton (called an igongqongqo, a fabulous monster, like a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: She saw a glutton (called an igongqongqo, a fabulous monster, like a man, but capable of devouring enormous quantities of food) coming, and asked him to help her. Who acts: woman, glutton. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Glutton., with its dependency tree an
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Glutton., sentence 16

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She saw a glutton (called an igongqongqo, a fabulous monster, like a man, but capable of devouring enormous quantities of food) coming, and asked him to help her.

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**Who acts:** woman, glutton · **What happens:** see, call, devour, come, ask, help · **To what, where:** glutton, igongqongqo, enormous quantities, man, woman · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Glutton.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, glutton), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:22:16
# text = She saw a glutton (called an igongqongqo, a fabulous monster, like a man, but capable of devouring enormous quantities of food) coming, and asked him to help her.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	glutton	glutton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	igongqongqo	igongqongqo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	fabulous	fabulous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	capable	capable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
20	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	devouring	devour	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
22	enormous	enormous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	_
27	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	iobj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
34	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | woman | a glutton and a fabulous monster |  |  |  | like a man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer glutton=Stimulus |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a glutton and a fabulous monster *not said here* | a igongqongqo |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **devour** | gerund |  | enormous quantities of food |  |  |  |  | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Patient |
| 4 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | woman *not said here* |  | man |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **help** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | woman *not said here* |  | woman |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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