---
title: She heard the monster coming, saying: — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: She heard the monster coming, saying: Who acts: wife, monster. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Glutton., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of the Glutton., sentence 5

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She heard the monster coming, saying:

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**Who acts:** wife, monster · **What happens:** hear, come, say · **To what, where:** monster · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of the Glutton.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, monster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:22:5
# text = She heard the monster coming, saying:
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	monster	monster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | wife | the monster |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | gerund | the monster *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the monster *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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