--- title: The monkey returned and said: “Those whose home is on the mountains… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics description: The monkey returned and said: “Those whose home is on the mountains must hasten to the mountains; those whose home is on the plains must hasten to the plains; as for me, I go to the rocks.” Who acts: monkey, home, mountains, plains. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/23/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kaffir folk-lore](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/) / [Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/23/) / 20 # Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., sentence 20 The monkey returned and said: “Those whose home is on the mountains must hasten to the mountains; those whose home is on the plains must hasten to the plains; as for me, I go to the rocks.” **Who acts:** monkey, home, mountains, plains · **What happens:** return, say, be, hasten, go · **To what, where:** mountains, plains, rocks · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monkey, home, mountains, plains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg71335:23:20 # text = The monkey returned and said: “Those whose home is on the mountains must hasten to the mountains; those whose home is on the plains must hasten to the plains; as for me, I go to the rocks.” 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 monkey monkey NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 returned return VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 6 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 7 “ " PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 Those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 10 det _ _ 9 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 15 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 hasten hasten VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 ccomp _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 21 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 23 det _ _ 22 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 home home NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 plains plain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 28 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 hasten hasten VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 30 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 plains plain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 as as ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 36 case _ _ 35 for for ADP IN _ 34 fixed _ _ 36 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 39 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 rocks rock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 ” " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **return** | past | the monkey | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the monkey *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the mountains's home | | | the mountains | | | tree rules | | 4 | **hasten** *in a quote* | must | the mountains | | | the mountains | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to mountain=Destination | | 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the plains's home | | | the plains | | | tree rules | | 6 | **hasten** *in a quote* | must | the plains | | | the plains | | as the monkey *= monkey* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to plain=Destination | | 7 | **go** *in a quote* | present | the monkey *= monkey* | | | the rocks | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to rock=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/23/19/) - next →: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/23/21/) - ↑ back to [Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/23/)