---
title: Then the woman gathered some dry wood, and sharpened two pieces of i… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the woman gathered some dry wood, and sharpened two pieces of iron, which she took with her and went along the path. Who acts: woman, two pieces. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., sentence 8

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Then the woman gathered some dry wood, and sharpened two pieces of iron, which she took with her and went along the path.

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**Who acts:** woman, two pieces · **What happens:** gather, sharpen, take, go · **To what, where:** dry wood, two pieces, path

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, two pieces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:23:8
# text = Then the woman gathered some dry wood, and sharpened two pieces of iron, which she took with her and went along the path.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sharpened	sharpen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
23	along	along	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | the woman | some dry wood |  |  | then |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Theme |
| 2 | **sharpen** | participle | the woman *not said here* | two pieces of iron |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent piece=Patient |
| 3 | **take** | past | two pieces of iron |  |  |  |  | with woman | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | past | two pieces of iron *not said here* |  |  | the path |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme along path=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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