---
title: Now this was the chief of the animals; therefore, when she came on a… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Now this was the chief of the animals; therefore, when she came on a hill over against him, the woman began to call out that she was looking for her children. Who acts: this, woman. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., with its dependency
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals., sentence 9

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Now this was the chief of the animals; therefore, when she came on a hill over against him, the woman began to call out that she was looking for her children.

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**Who acts:** this, woman · **What happens:** be, come, begin, call out, look · **To what, where:** chief, hill

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Great Chief of the Animals.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:23:9
# text = Now this was the chief of the animals; therefore, when she came on a hill over against him, the woman began to call out that she was looking for her children.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	over	over	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
19	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	out	out	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	26	advcl	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | this | the chief |  |  | now | of the animals | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | woman |  |  | a hill |  | against hare; over, therefore *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hill=Location |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **call out** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the woman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **look** | past · progressive | woman |  |  |  |  | for woman's children | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for child=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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