---
title: The bluebuck saw what had happened and cried out: “The fat belonging… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The bluebuck saw what had happened and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.” Who acts: bluebuck, fat, inkalimeva. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 36

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The bluebuck saw what had happened and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

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**Who acts:** bluebuck, fat, inkalimeva · **What happens:** see, happen, cry out, belong, eat · **To what, where:** fat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bluebuck, fat, inkalimeva), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:24:36
# text = The bluebuck saw what had happened and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bluebuck	bluebuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
14	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
19	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	inkalimeva	inkalimeva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the bluebuck |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **happen** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | what *nsubj* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cry out** *speech: express* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **belong** *in a quote* | gerund | the fat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to all animals | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive | the inkalimeva | the fat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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