---
title: He said: “The coney is dead, and the muishond is dead, and the duike… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: He said: “The coney is dead, and the muishond is dead, and the duiker is dead, and the bluebuck is dead, and the porcupine is dead, and you will kill me also.” Who acts: hare, coney, muishond, duiker. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare., with its dependency tr
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 52

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He said: “The coney is dead, and the muishond is dead, and the duiker is dead, and the bluebuck is dead, and the porcupine is dead, and you will kill me also.”

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**Who acts:** hare, coney, muishond, duiker, bluebuck, porcupine · **What happens:** say, be, kill · **To what, where:** hare · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, coney, muishond, duiker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:24:52
# text = He said: “The coney is dead, and the muishond is dead, and the duiker is dead, and the bluebuck is dead, and the porcupine is dead, and you will kill me also.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	coney	coney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	muishond	muishond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	duiker	duiker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	bluebuck	bluebuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	porcupine	porcupine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
35	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
38	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	also	also	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	37	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | hare |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the coney |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the muishond |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the duiker |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the bluebuck |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the porcupine |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **kill** *in a quote* | future | you | hare |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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