---
title: The coney started up and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the an… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: The coney started up and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.” Who acts: coney, fat, inkalimeva. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 7

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The coney started up and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

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**Who acts:** coney, fat, inkalimeva · **What happens:** start up, cry out, belong, eat · **To what, where:** fat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (coney, fat, inkalimeva), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:24:7
# text = The coney started up and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coney	coney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
12	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	inkalimeva	inkalimeva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start up** | past | the coney |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | the coney *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **belong** *in a quote* | gerund | the fat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to all animals | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **eat** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive | the inkalimeva | the fat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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