---
title: Lion watched for him, and one day, when Little Jackal was out huntin… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Lion watched for him, and one day, when Little Jackal was out hunting, he came upon him in a place where he could not escape. Who acts: Lion, Little Jackal. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 34

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Lion watched for him, and one day, when Little Jackal was out hunting, he came upon him in a place where he could not escape.

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**Who acts:** Lion, Little Jackal · **What happens:** watch, hunt, come, not escape · **To what, where:** place

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lion, Little Jackal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:25:34
# text = Lion watched for him, and one day, when Little Jackal was out hunting, he came upon him in a place where he could not escape.
1	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
11	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Jackal	Jackal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	28	advmod	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
26	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | Lion |  |  |  | day | for Jackal | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for he=Theme |
| 2 | **hunt** | past · progressive | Little Jackal |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | past | Lion |  |  | a place |  | upon Jackal | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Location |
| 4 | **not** **escape** | could | Lion |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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