---
title: Lion was just about to spring upon him, when Little Jackal said soft… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: Lion was just about to spring upon him, when Little Jackal said softly: “Hush! do you not see that bushbuck on the other side of the rock? Who acts: Lion, Little Jackal, you. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 35

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Lion was just about to spring upon him, when Little Jackal said softly: “Hush! do you not see that bushbuck on the other side of the rock?

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**Who acts:** Lion, Little Jackal, you · **What happens:** be, say, not see · **To what, where:** bushbuck, other side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lion, Little Jackal, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:25:35
# text = Lion was just about to spring upon him, when Little Jackal said softly: “Hush! do you not see that bushbuck on the other side of the rock?
1	Lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	spring	spring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
11	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Jackal	Jackal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Hush	hush	INTJ	UH	_	22	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
19	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
23	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	bushbuck	bushbuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Lion |  |  |  |  | upon Jackal; about, spring *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Little Jackal |  |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **see** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you | that bushbuck |  | the other side of the rock |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bushbuck=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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