---
title: His wife said: “Is it you who sent Little Jackal to beat me and my c… — Kaffir folk-lore · tree and pragmatics
description: His wife said: “Is it you who sent Little Jackal to beat me and my children, and is it you who sent this shin? Who acts: wife, family, you. A sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 64

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His wife said: “Is it you who sent Little Jackal to beat me and my children, and is it you who sent this shin?

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**Who acts:** wife, family, you · **What happens:** say, be, send, beat · **To what, where:** you, Little Jackal, wife, shin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wife, family, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg71335:25:64
# text = His wife said: “Is it you who sent Little Jackal to beat me and my children, and is it you who sent this shin?
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
11	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Jackal	Jackal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	shin	shin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Lion's wife |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | family | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** *in a quote* | past | you | Little Jackal |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jackal=Theme |
| 4 | **beat** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | Lion's wife *= wife* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location i=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | family | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **send** *in a quote* | past | you | this shin |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shin=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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